If I had to guess, and I am guessing, I'd list the following:

Shotgun with buckshot
30-30 Win.
243 Win.
.22 centerfires (ie: 223Rem., 220Swift, 22-250, etc.)

The 30-30 is probably used by more hunters each year than any other cartridge, and has been for many years. So, as already noted, it stands to reason that being the most
popular deer cartridge in use, it will likely also account for the most wounded deer.
The 30-30 is adequate for deer, but only if used within its' limitations. Heck, we got better bullets in factory ammo available today. Problem is too many folks try to stretch
the range, or just crank out lead in the hopes of making a killing hit. Keep the range to
within 150yds., and don't take shots on running deer in the woods (for most people), and the 30-30 will serve well. Good hits are most important, with this or any cartridge.

The 243 is, IMHO, minimal for deer. It's just plain small, and there ain't no gettin' around it. Again, though, used within reasonable limits, with the right ammo, and with good hits (as with any cartridge), it can do the job.

.22 centerfires, though legal in some places, are again, just too small. Adequate penetration is questionable in most cases. These are varmint cartridges, and should be
limited to that purpose.
Buckshot - what can I say. I started my hunting in NJ where, at the time, buckshot was
required by law. Seen a lot of lost deer with that stuff. If I had to go back to using it,
I'd quit hunting.[:@]