I am not an expert in physics but I do know that when I take my warm camera into the cold to take a picture I get condensation on the lense. Also, since warm air can hold more moisture than cold air it would seem to me that taking a gun or any other object from the warmth to the cold would squeeze the moisture out of the air surrounding that object and thereby create condensation. Again, I am no expert.
ORIGINAL: livbucks
You WILL NOT get condensation taking a warm rifle outside in the cold.
You WILL get condensation taking a cold rifle inside a warm house.
Some people will leave their guns outside if they are going back out soon.