RE: Cow Elk talk!!
Yes, cows have their language too! Whether it's social or herd talk, seperated to lost cow sounds. "Come over this way sounds" a lead cow makes when the herd is traveling to bedding from feeding or vice-versa. Distress sounds by both cows & calves. Pre-estrus whines. Barks-Ouch! Nervous grunt! And others. Knowing these sounds and when to use them can really kick butt. If you're a rifle or muzzleloader hunter you won't believe how effective lost or come over this way sounds are unless you give them a try.
Some sounds just let other elk know there's other elk around, others demand or require a response from other elk, those are the ones I like!! Elknut1