First of all residency requirements. As a student, you can get resident tags HOWEVER, you have to be enrolled in school for 6 months before that takes effect, so if you are still there for the fall of 2014, you would qualify. Here is the actual regs:
4.
Full-time students enrolled and attending an accredited Colorado college,
university or trade school at least six months immediately before applying
for or buying a license. This includes students who are temporarily absent
from Colorado but still enrolled. Colorado residents who attend school full
time, out of state and pay nonresident tuition qualify for a resident license.
Secondly, there might be a gun club or law enforcement agency that would store your guns for you since you can't bring them to campus (heaven forbid in Colorado). Second option is to find someone who lives there to hunt with who will loan you a firearm.
And you need to figure out what you want to hunt. Elk and deer are for most sought after game. Unfortunately as a nonresident, this year the tags will cost you $586 and $354 respectively. What I might suggest would be getting a cow elk @ $354 to get your feet wet IF you have anywhere you can put the meat if successful! Those tags drop to $49, $34, and $49 when you get "resident" status.
And if your only past hunt was a turkey hunt, you really need to find someone who already knows the ropes or a group of guys you can go with until you get things figured out. Networking!!
Good luck!