Using a full choke 35-40 yds max and thats if you have a good pattern at that distance. If at all possible try to get them within 30 yds and youll be able to put them down. Also that range is with a 12 gauge. Make sure you aim for the center of their neck when their head is up in the air. pattern your gun at 20 and 30 yds. if at all possible try to find someone that can take you turkey hunting. thats the best way to learn. Always remember that turkeys will make you look stupid (at least the ones I hunt do...) so dont get down on yourself. and have fun.