NO not enough shot, I am not saying you would never kill a dove or a quail, but I would not give you very good odds. I dont think you could kill a pheasant unless it was a direct shot in the head from very close. I tried shooting a coon with bird shot when I was about 12, 3 shots in the head and all I did was blind him.
I see you are from Illinois, I am pretty sure it is illegal to hunt birds with a rifle regardless of what shot you have in it.

If money is the issue you can buy a New England single shot in 20 or 12 from walmart for a little over $100 bucks.