RE: Allround calibre for everything from ptarmigans to deer?
You already said you wanted to buy a rifle. What we're saying is buy another shotgun instead. Get a pump action 12 gauge combo gun that will come with both a rifled slug barrel and a smooth bore barrel with removable choke tubes (though the O/U you already have would make an excellent upland game gun). Having two barrels allows you to use the barrel best suited to the game. You'd install the rifled barrel and shoot sabot slugs for deer and other big game, then switch to the smoothbore barrel and the appropriate birdshot for birds and small game. With choke tubes you can use the right choke for the type of game and hunting you're doing. If you want more range, you'd want to use a premium heavy field load with harder shot and use a full choke tube. This would give you 40-50 yards on a pheasant, and maybe 60 on a grouse if you are a really good shot or shooting at a grounded bird.
I'm not really sure what you are trying to accomplish, but it sounds to me like you're a kid and you just was a CF rifle so you can go out and kill stuff from a long distance, and you don't really care about the ethics of blasting GAME animals just for s**ts and giggles with no real intention of recovering them for consumption. If that's the case, then I really think that you've come to the wrong place to ask your question. This is a HUNTING FORUM, filled with HUNTERS, most of whom actually care about ethical stewardship if the game we hunt. If you just want a CF rifle so you can watch stuff die edible game animals die from a distance, then that makes you, at best, a slob "hunter". At worst, that makes you a poacher. Either way, you give the rest of us a bad name.
If you really wanted to HUNT small game, and hunting game animals ethically includes eating what you kill whenever possible, then you'd be interested in doing it the right way so that you'd have something left to eat. If all you want to do is kill stuff, go get yourself a .223 and go find a rancher with a prairie dog problem and blast away, but if you want to hunt game animals, why not do it correctly so you have something left to eat when you get back to the house. A CF rifle is NOT an appropriate weapon for hunting small game animals and never will be. If a .22LR is illegal to hunt small game with where you are (which I actually doubt), but .22WMR is legal, then get a .22 WMR or just use the shotgun you have. If you want to hunt deer, get a CF rifle or .243 caliber or bigger and have at it. But what you ask for just isn't realistic. There just is no such thing as a single cartridge that will ethically harvest anything unless you are willing to accept the range limitations of a shotgun.
Mike