It depends somewhat on your circumstances that you did not specify such as style of hunting (thick woods or open farm land) and type of rifle (single shot, bolt action, lever gun, automatic, etc)...

Having hunted in both thick woods and open farm lands with most of the calibersyou listed with most of the types above, I would recommend a .270 Winchester...works well up close and is hard to beat out to 300 yards, can be found in any type of rifle desired, and ammo can be purchased nearly anywhere.

If you are also planning to hunt larger game (e.g. elk, moose, black bear, etc) then a .30-06 is preferable...works well up close and is good out to 250 yards (or more with high quality loads), can be found in any type of rifle, etc...but offers a larger selection of heavier bullets.

The magnum rifles (I love my 7mm Remington Magnum) does inflict a lot of damage on deer. The 7-pt buck I killed this year had a 6 inch would channel all of the way through...1/2 of the right lung was on the hillside 10 ft behind the deer.