it is a farce to say how far to take a shot with a shotgun without putting up a target and trying different loads.only the user knows the capabilty of his/her gun.anyone who buys a shotgun and asks people how to shoot it ,will never learn the true capability of there gun until they shoot it.even the" norms " of 20-30 yds for the bow,40yds for turkey,50yds for buckshot,100 yds for muzzleloaders,etc.are not accurate with some guns.you just have to take the time to see for yourself!