My Mossberg 500 with smooth bore and rifle sights shoots rifled slugs well enough out to 75-100 yds. My eyes keep me at about 75 for max range. They do kill deer just fine though.

Of the rifle calibers you mention, I'd use the 30/30 if it is a lever and you hunt woods where most shots will be about 50 yds and you don't expect to shoot over 100. If we're talking all bolt actions, or you expect to shoot over 100 yds, then go with the 270. Other good calibers without much recoil are 7-'08 and260 Rem.