WW30/06
The 270 Win will do it all.. if you want an all around gun... If I were hunting the animals you have suggested and could only have one gun I would go with a 300 Win Mag... I would not delv in he world of Short Mags... Short Mags came about as a results of manufactures needing something else to sell to the public + they could use a shorter less expensive action.
A lot of what you are requesting - really depends on the terrain that you hunt...