the 54 would have more power obviosly but the 7.62x39 has similar power to the 30-30. now some people will tell you thet the 30-30 wil bounce off deer or that deer will somehow soak up the energy of 5 rounds and live pleasent live for the next 5 years with no problems. the 39 in a bolt action riction can depending on the action of choice be laoded to the level of the 30-30 with spire style bullets thus giving it a ballistic edge. though if i had a choice and if it was plinking round i would get the 39 but if i was interesting in a hunitng rifle i woulds get the 54.