RE: pistol permits
I'm sure your friends dad was either denied or filled out his paperwork wrong or he's just messing with you. They are required to notify you within a set period of time if you have been denied. I used to live in Oneida county, but got my permit in Clinton county. I believe Oneida requires you to take a "safe handling" course where Clinton did not. However, all of our permits are issued with restrictions. The only person I know who has a full carry is my wife, but the judge was her father's lawyer. You might be able to attend the class before you turn 21, that would at least get things rolling.
KEJ