RE: arrows thick or thin?
Small diameter arrows such as the old V-Max 2300 and the Beaman Carbon Hunter shafts will definately give you deeper penetration and better spine consistency than any of the newer shafts on the market. Thats why they stopped manufacturing them. The carbon was so stong and durable that a dozen arrows would last 5 to 10 years.The outserts that were installed protected 1.25'' of the arrows nock and tip end and during penetration the outsert was the only object causing drag and producing friction therefore giving more energy into the target.
The only products on the market now are shafts with the HIT technology and also the carbon/aluminum combonation that produce the best penetration compared to the all the other carbon shafts.
The hit technology still protects the end of the arrow and does give better broadhead alignment but the nock end is where the arrow needs to be straight first and thats the place they forgot to protect.
The aluminum/carbon shafts are great, they are by far the straightest arrows on the market. The only problem with them is they are a one time use arrow unless you can stop that arrow before it passes through and hits something hard. Once you bend aluminum, it stays bent, even being protected by carbon because you cannot and will not get a bend out of it. They are for tournament shooters not hunters in my book.
The V-Max arrows are the only arrow I no that will withstand a 1/4 inch steel plate at 20 yds and survive. I have tested every arrow on the market and they all failed and some failed in dramatic fashion by exploding. I have shot acc at the Dart system and after 500 shots the srrows where trashed and that was a canvas screen taking all the energy but the arrows still ended up bending.
My advice, dont by cheap arrows, you pay for what you get.