First off, quit apologizing. Everyone starts somewhere so fire away with all your questions. Welcome to the sport![8D]

1.) If it's a good shot you won't have to wait long if at all. If not, it's time to put a good shot on him but you can't use a firearm for it in a bow only season. Concentrate on making the first shot count.
2.) There's a lot of great targets out there just be sure you don't try to fire broadheads into one designed for field points, it's okay to do the inverse though and fire field points at a broadhead target.
3.) There's always someone looking for the latest and greatest rangefinder which means they've got the old one to get rid of. Check E-Bay. I'd stay away from the cheaper dual image/focusing style and stick to lasers.
4.) Can't help you with the stand but a good sized blind may be ideal since it will conceal you both better and protect her from the elements a bit more than freezing your buns up in a tree. If she enjoys the experience she's more likely to want to do it again.