RE: .243 vs .vs .308 vs .338 vs .458
The most important question would be to ask the deer that were killed with each of these calibers to find out which one is more dead.
Really there are so many great cartridges and bullets you can combine with these calibers and each a tremendous in thier own rights.
You could go forever debating the strengths and weeknesses of each of these and all the variables for every application under the sun.