RE: 5.56/223 for elk/moose(don't flame me yet!)
I learned, when stationed in Saudi Arabia of all places, that M16's were being used to poach elephants. Thus, I am quite confident that elk would ultimately succumb as well. Maybe after running a county or 2 away, short of a good CNS shot. At the same time, critters have a high density of water in them, and water slows down all bullets real fast. It is a different medium. Historically, some M16 bullets break around the cannelure and cause a larger wound channel with interior spalling from the fragments. That can add to the damage. I am personally biased against the 223 against 100 pound or bigger targets, but it is a rip snortin' pest cartrige.