Acetone will not hurt your carbon arrows. Acetone is an organic solvent which will not have any effect on your carbon shafts outside of cleaning them. Three things to remember when using Acetone:
1. Acetone will remove the color pigment from many surfaces.
2. Acetone is carcinogenic, so use carefully and wash afterwards.
3. Acetone is very volatile, so be careful not to let it come into contact with heat, and use in a well ventilated area.