Eastern Forests Are Growing Faster
02-08-2010, 02:30 PM
#41
Banned
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location:
Posts: 2,978
From University of Kentucky Forestry dept;
OBJECTIVES: To sustain oak (Quercus spp.) dominated forests in the Central Hardwood Region, it has become apparent that land management practices must improve the resilience of the forest and its oak components to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Successful regeneration of oak dominated systems typically requires the presence of well-developed advance reproduction prior to disturbance. However, throughout much of the eastern United States, successful regeneration of oak has been problematic due to the absence of significant number of large advance reproduction. Researchers have attributed this deficiency to the alteration of historical disturbance regimes and a reduction of oak seedling establishment and growth correlated with development of dense midstory canopies dominated by shade tolerant species. Another issue affecting forest regeneration is the spread of invasive plant species and their ability to inhibit establishment and development of native tree species. These compounding factors have left many maturing oak stands in a condition that may lead to a species compositional shift following disturbance. To reduce the vulnerability of oak dominated forests to health threats, and to enhance their resiliency following disturbance, it is important to develop desirable seedling densities in maturing stands or those where an attack from invasive exotic species is likely. Underplanting of tree seedlings, combined with overstory and/or understory control, can be an effective method for establishing advance reproduction when natural seedling densities are insufficient.
OBJECTIVES: To sustain oak (Quercus spp.) dominated forests in the Central Hardwood Region, it has become apparent that land management practices must improve the resilience of the forest and its oak components to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Successful regeneration of oak dominated systems typically requires the presence of well-developed advance reproduction prior to disturbance. However, throughout much of the eastern United States, successful regeneration of oak has been problematic due to the absence of significant number of large advance reproduction. Researchers have attributed this deficiency to the alteration of historical disturbance regimes and a reduction of oak seedling establishment and growth correlated with development of dense midstory canopies dominated by shade tolerant species. Another issue affecting forest regeneration is the spread of invasive plant species and their ability to inhibit establishment and development of native tree species. These compounding factors have left many maturing oak stands in a condition that may lead to a species compositional shift following disturbance. To reduce the vulnerability of oak dominated forests to health threats, and to enhance their resiliency following disturbance, it is important to develop desirable seedling densities in maturing stands or those where an attack from invasive exotic species is likely. Underplanting of tree seedlings, combined with overstory and/or understory control, can be an effective method for establishing advance reproduction when natural seedling densities are insufficient.
02-08-2010, 02:33 PM
#42
Nontypical Buck
Join Date: Feb 2004
Posts: 2,262
No one said it was.It doesn't matter though,the area inside the fence regenerated because it wasn't being browsed.The outside did not fail because of soil,competing vegitation,lack of light or acid rain.It failed because the deer browsed it all.That's what happens when you have poor habitat in the surrounding area.
02-08-2010, 02:33 PM
#43
Banned
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location:
Posts: 2,978
"Whether we agree or disagree on this particular issue, i cant believe you would ever use that particular phrase considering who made it famous!"
02-08-2010, 02:38 PM
#44
Nontypical Buck
Join Date: Feb 2004
Posts: 2,262
From University of Kentucky Forestry dept;
OBJECTIVES: To sustain oak (Quercus spp.) dominated forests in the Central Hardwood Region, it has become apparent that land management practices must improve the resilience of the forest and its oak components to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Successful regeneration of oak dominated systems typically requires the presence of well-developed advance reproduction prior to disturbance. However, throughout much of the eastern United States, successful regeneration of oak has been problematic due to the absence of significant number of large advance reproduction. Researchers have attributed this deficiency to the alteration of historical disturbance regimes and a reduction of oak seedling establishment and growth correlated with development of dense midstory canopies dominated by shade tolerant species. Another issue affecting forest regeneration is the spread of invasive plant species and their ability to inhibit establishment and development of native tree species. These compounding factors have left many maturing oak stands in a condition that may lead to a species compositional shift following disturbance. To reduce the vulnerability of oak dominated forests to health threats, and to enhance their resiliency following disturbance, it is important to develop desirable seedling densities in maturing stands or those where an attack from invasive exotic species is likely. Underplanting of tree seedlings, combined with overstory and/or understory control, can be an effective method for establishing advance reproduction when natural seedling densities are insufficient.
OBJECTIVES: To sustain oak (Quercus spp.) dominated forests in the Central Hardwood Region, it has become apparent that land management practices must improve the resilience of the forest and its oak components to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Successful regeneration of oak dominated systems typically requires the presence of well-developed advance reproduction prior to disturbance. However, throughout much of the eastern United States, successful regeneration of oak has been problematic due to the absence of significant number of large advance reproduction. Researchers have attributed this deficiency to the alteration of historical disturbance regimes and a reduction of oak seedling establishment and growth correlated with development of dense midstory canopies dominated by shade tolerant species. Another issue affecting forest regeneration is the spread of invasive plant species and their ability to inhibit establishment and development of native tree species. These compounding factors have left many maturing oak stands in a condition that may lead to a species compositional shift following disturbance. To reduce the vulnerability of oak dominated forests to health threats, and to enhance their resiliency following disturbance, it is important to develop desirable seedling densities in maturing stands or those where an attack from invasive exotic species is likely. Underplanting of tree seedlings, combined with overstory and/or understory control, can be an effective method for establishing advance reproduction when natural seedling densities are insufficient.
02-08-2010, 02:43 PM
#45
Banned
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location:
Posts: 2,978
"No one said it was.It doesn't matter though,the area inside the fence regenerated because it wasn't being browsed."
Because there are not deer! lmao. UNNATURAL conditions! Is that an acceptable goal? lol.
Sure it did....under NATURAL CONDITIONS with DEER existing lol. Because of the above factors and more. LIke timbering practices etc...
The exclosure would also eliminate size of cut from the equation. A small cut would be more effected by deer than a larger one. Though it doesnt make one bit of difference inside that fence in "unnatural" conditions. Those same unnatural conditions also wouldnt rule out altered growth rate due to soils which would cause some specieds to stay in the deer browse zone far longer, and also others to not recover as quickly from browsing. There is also nothing saying that the ferns werent sprayed inside the fence, but its pretty clear they werent on the outside! lol.
Because there are not deer! lmao. UNNATURAL conditions! Is that an acceptable goal? lol.
"The outside did not fail because of soil,competing vegitation,lack of light or acid rain."
The exclosure would also eliminate size of cut from the equation. A small cut would be more effected by deer than a larger one. Though it doesnt make one bit of difference inside that fence in "unnatural" conditions. Those same unnatural conditions also wouldnt rule out altered growth rate due to soils which would cause some specieds to stay in the deer browse zone far longer, and also others to not recover as quickly from browsing. There is also nothing saying that the ferns werent sprayed inside the fence, but its pretty clear they werent on the outside! lol.
02-08-2010, 02:51 PM
#46
Banned
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location:
Posts: 2,978
"The regeneration isside that exclosure isn't oak."
"What causes the composition of species to shift is largely contributed to deer."
Guess we'll have to wait and see if responsible deer management gets forced on pgc soon, whether or not Pennsylvania becomes one big meadow or solid striped maple forest with no other animals but a very few starved deer, as predicted by the doom and gloomers like Latham etc. for several decades now. lol.
Last edited by Cornelius08; 02-08-2010 at 03:22 PM.
02-08-2010, 03:25 PM
#47
Nontypical Buck
Join Date: Apr 2008
Posts: 3,879
.Deer eat the prefered species first and when that happens the invasive,non-prefered species take over.Once that happens,it makes it tougher to get prefered regeneration.It's a vicious cycle that once gain can be blamed largely on us carrying far too many deer for too long
02-08-2010, 07:58 PM
#49
Giant Nontypical
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: SW PA USA
Posts: 7,220
Just remember that the definition of Our current DMP is based on the economic interests of DCNR and the forestry industry definition of preferred regeneration which is based on the economical value of those preferred species rather than on the habitat value those species.. Deer can survive at high DDs in forests of beech, birch ,aspen red maple, striped maple and ash or poplar.
Yes indeed deer can survive in non oak forests. Are you trying to say that an industry that employs 100,000+ and owns much of the land where we hunt should just let their preferred forest species disappear and just go back to raising deer in quantity so you can shoot your spike each year?
02-09-2010, 02:02 AM
#50
Spike
Thread Starter
Join Date: Jan 2010
Posts: 42
If you got less deer and they are only targeting the hardwood sprouts what is the forest going to be mainly consisted of?
Junk trees and shrubs.
You let these grow and they will block the sun that is needed for plant life.
Now you got more fast growing maples than you ever had before.
Now tell me this?
How do you plan on getting rid of the over abundance and dominant species of maples if the deer herd is reduced so much that they can now be picky about what they eat because there is no competiton over the best browse?
The maples will continue to grow without any predation on that plant from the deer and the target species now is the hardwoods and the junk trees get to grow and choke out the rest of the forest floor.
I allready told douge that and he cant understand it.
Junk trees and shrubs.
You let these grow and they will block the sun that is needed for plant life.
Now you got more fast growing maples than you ever had before.
Now tell me this?
How do you plan on getting rid of the over abundance and dominant species of maples if the deer herd is reduced so much that they can now be picky about what they eat because there is no competiton over the best browse?
The maples will continue to grow without any predation on that plant from the deer and the target species now is the hardwoods and the junk trees get to grow and choke out the rest of the forest floor.
I allready told douge that and he cant understand it.