RE: Penetration: shaft diameter vs. weight
I'll agree that smaller diameter arrows penetrate better in targets, with target points.
I have never noticed much of a difference with broadheads on game. I used to hunt with 2413 XX75 arrows, and always had complete pass throughs. Now I use ICS carbon, smaller diameter arrows and still get pass throughs.
I believe broadhead design and draw weight have more to do with penetration than shaft diameter.