RE: trout
I have different methods for different waters that I fish. My tackle box consists of a fairly simple assortment of lures and hooks.
Ice fishing and areas such as docks, drop offs, or anchored in a boat in deeper water - Jigs from 1/32 - 1/4 ounce topped with one of several colors of artificial jig bodies and a little bit of power bait. I have to experiment to see which color the trout are liking at the time. Power bait also works for crawdads in areas where there is a good population of them.
Trolling - I mainly use spoons, large spoons, up to 1/2 ounce usually no flashers. Or I will use nightcrawlers on a size 4 or 2 hook behind a set of flashers.
Streams - a small 1/16 ounce split shot about 12" above a size 8 hook, and a small piece of worm, set right along and inside larger cutbanks, or near hanging cover.
Mt. Lakes - Panther Martins, Mepps, or Kastmaster lures in the 1/32-1/8 ounce range. I will also use the same method as stream fishing.
Shore fishing - Large lakes or ponds - depends on what I will use. I will use a large assortment of techniques ranging from casting spoons, spinners, other lures, or using a foam float about 2 feet above a bell sinker, then linked to another 1 ft leader with a size 4 or 6 hook with power bait or nightcrawler (thats if there are a lot of weeds). If no weeds, I will put on a size 4 or 6 hook, and put a 1/4-3/8 ounce sinker maybe 1 ft above that and top the hook with any assortment of baits, and let-er-fly.
For the smaller mt lakes and the streams I have an Ultralight Shakespear UgliStik with a Shakespear spinning reel and 4lb Berkley Trilene XT.
For shorfishing most other lakes or ponds, and trolling, I have a Medium light Shakespear UgliStik with a Zebco Quantom Spinning reel with 10 lb Berkley Trilene XT. I also use this reel on a smaller no name brand rod for icefishing.