Most newer bows can withstand a couple dry fires. My old 250 dollar champion bow went through two dry fires and it was fine. Now that I have a 700 mathews I don't ever pull it back w/o an arrow.

To answer your question about checking the bow out. Look for cracks in the limbs near the limb forks, axels, limb pockets etc. It may have bent your axels as well. If it was your back up bow I wouldn't loose any sleep over it.