RE: Which caliber is responsible for the most wounded deer?
In my neck of the woods it would probably go to the 30-06 hands down.
Its by far the most popular caliber, which means that its also probably the most popular caliber with those who shoot rounds through each year when they see deer. Add to that, the remington semiautos are at least as popular as bolt actions in my area from what I've seen, so people think they can substitue firepower for skill.
A .243 will put a deer down just as fast if not faster than a .30 caliber from what I've seen and from what I've shot. The argument that youths using .243s lose more deer than anything else holds no water- sloppy shooting with a 30-06 will lose as many deer as sloppy shooting with a .243.