Someone told me I need to up my powder charge so the bullet will reach the velocity it was designed for, but I really don't want to do this if I don't have to.
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Why did you buy a poly-tip, copper-clad rifle style bullet designed for high speeds and bigger game -- then use it on smaller, thin-skinned whitetails with only non-magnum velocities? Add a 30-grain pellet or pull the aero-tip off the Shockwave before loading it. That should alleviate to a large degree your lack of blood/lack of expansion problem.