100 yds. or less using either 90 gr. of FFg and roundballs for deer or 110 gr. of FFg and 430 gr. T/C maxi-balls for elk out of my .54 cal. Renegade. Works out real well for me because P.O.I. are close enough too the same that I don't have to change my sights. Also should mention that I had T/C install their peep-sight on my gun.