Deer like any animal, learns from experiences they go through. They began to associate danger with certain smells, sounds and sightings. Obviously every deer on the earth has different experiences and thus has associated different stimuli with danger.

A deer that associates being shot at by a bow with great danger will definatley remember where he encountered that danger and probably steer clear until he feels comfortable again. On the other hand if the deer you shot and missed has little to no experience with being shot at and hasn't associated it with immediate and life threatening danger, they may return soon.

Good Luck,

Troy