I have an Encore in 45-70. also an NEF and a Marlin. The loads listed by Hornady for the Ruger NO. One are really thumpers. I have done quite a bit of hunting with a 35 Remington Contender. I had a 35 Whelen Pump many years ago. I sold it after I got married and money was tight for a few years. I don't know what all states have Elk but its safe to say that most of them reside in the Western states and a lot of canada.