and what penetration on shoulder shots should I expect?
I'm glad I'm not the only one to question your thinking. You should expect to get S#!tty penetration if you shoot a deer in the shoulder. I hope you're asking what to expect if you screw up a shot but that isn't what it souds like.
A shoulder shot on a whitetail is generally a non lethal shot which will cause the animal unneeded suffering and a likely very long and unsucessful tracking job.