RE: .44mag vs. .30-30
Nomercy, IMHO, the .44 mag is a short range cartridge at best, even coming out of a carbine's longer barrel. It's still a handgun cartridge. With it's short, fat bullet, I'd limit it to use to ranges less than 100 yards.
Of the two you mentioned, the 30-30 will give much better performance on deer. Also, as much as I like the 30-30, I think 200 yards is stretching it a little. Most lever guns are not MOA shooters. In fact, most would be lucky to be 2-3 MOA shooters. That really opens up at longer ranges and makes it difficult to precisely place the bullet where you want it. With an expert shooter who has a good understanding of ballistics, and a very accurate rifle, it is capable of taking deer at 200 yards and maybe beyond. But for the average shooter like me, and an average shooting rifle, I'd limit shots to 150 yards max.
Again, that's just my opinion.