Sounds like you've got some reading to do, I'll help you out some but you need to do some reading or talking to the hunters in your area.

When you pull the trigger on a rifle does the recoil hurt your shoulder? Has the pain started to make you flinch?

That is recoil sensitivity.

Get a 243, 25-06, 308 or some other non-magnum caliber. If it says "XXX Remington Magnum" or "XXX Winchester Magnum" or god forbid " XXX Weatherby Magnum" on the gun, you don't need it for the deer in those areas. Stay away from the short magnums, ultra magnums or the newer high powered calibers until you figure out if you will keep hunting, this will save you some money on the gun and ammo, it will also allow you to sell your rifle easier if you don't like hunting. In other words, no magnums. I would suggest a 308, the ammo is cheap and there is a large variety of ammo out there.

Get a Remington, Sako or Savage. I would suggest getting a stainless synthetic rifle for durability and ease of maintenance.

Don't skimp on the quality of the scope. Get a good clear 2-7 or 3-9 power scope, you can always put this on another rifle later if you decide to upgrade.

Buy yourself a bunch of ammo and get to the range.