On my only archery deer - 35 yard first shot, 50 yard second shot. Both would have killed the deer, but he stopped for the second shot, so why not make sure? I shoot a lot of 3D out to 50-60 yards and under ideal conditions am very confident on an animal out to about 40. There's a lot of things that can go wrong when shooting live animals out that far though (3D targets can't jump the string...)