RE: small gun bigger than .243
6.5X55 Swedish mauser. 87 gr. bullet for varmints, 120 gr. for deer and 140 gr. for bigger game. IF YOU HANDLOAD. 140 gr. factory ammo will work for deer.
I also like the 7X57 mauser for a light recoil cartridge with lots of punch.
.300 savage in a Savage Model 99 would make a fine light deer gun. (I used one to shoot my first moose)
Robin