NO..

i found out the hard way. shot a buck with a rifled barrel and the next two rounds were 00buckshot. did not even hit him at 20yds. i think it would rattle around the rifle grooves casueing the groups to be erratic.
so i went to do some tests in january 3 years ago and in the snow at the range shooting at 50yds. the shot exited the barrel and you could see the buckshot long all over the place on the ground.
use slugs i the rifle barrel and keep the 00buckshot to the smooth bores.

BTW .. one of my shotgun shoots pie sized plates of buckshot at 60yds or so. so i like to mix mine up so u can utilize both.