Im thinking of getting into bow hunting. I love hunting more then anything in the world, but right now I can only deer hunt two weeks the whole year (rifle/shotgun). If I got a bow, I would be able to hunt for three months (oct-dec). I was thinking of buying one, but then I remembered christmas was coming up.. I have a few questions because I dont know ANYTHING about bows..

What are all the types of bows and how do they work or what different features do they have?
I basically know nothing about bows, so maybe some type of summary of how they work, what types there are, and what type to get. It doesnt have to be a top of the line bow, I just need something for $250 CDN or under, doesnt matter if its used.

Thanks alot