My best friend from high school once shot a Bluebird in mid-air with half of a fishing rod used as a " Shotgun" .........no lie, I saw it.[] Power of suggestion!?

Anyway, I doubt you WILLED the deer to die Rack, but you hit something major........
There are only 3 things that can kill an animal as quickly as yours died ......exposure, disease etc. are another catgory, We' re talking trauma here, and that trauma has to involve one of these things:

1. Central Nervous System (Brain or Spinal Cord.......which in some cases leads to shock which actually causes death. (Actually all 3 of these can lead to shock which can be the actual cause of death.)
2. Major Organs (Lungs, Heart Kidneys Liver etc) You already stated none were involved so that leads you to only one conclusion...
3. Blood vessels.......Artery or Vein. You had to have hit a major vessel which in turn caused enough bleeding to make a very sleepy deer.[&o]