Technically, practically everything on this list is a "petroleum product".
Except carbon dioxide which is the propellant gas in the aerosol can.
Methanol,aka wood alcohol,aka denatured alcohol can be produced by the destructive distillation on wood but probably is produced by reactions that start with simple hydrocarbons. All the others can be recovered from crude oil not that would be the best way.
What they are is a mixture of low molecular weight compounds that have low boiling points and will evaporate quickly. As they wash across a surface they will dissolve heavier oils (& greases) and flush them away.
This too long already, but I could fill a couple of pages with info on polar/nonpolar solvents and the solvation process.