I know most don't like outfitters on this site but I've been a guide since 17 and am now 43 years old that's a lot of field testing of every kind of rifle caliber and bullet construction on game. For me this is a two part topic.

In the right hands it does not matter what caliber your shooting to 600 yards on what animal. I'm not really talking about 223 at buffalo but we all know it could happen possibly who knows.

In the right hands it does not matter what bullet or weight would do to an animal, that animal is going down. No FMJ's of course.

Nothing beats accuracy and shot placement.

So the answer is if you can stay MOA you can shoot as far as you can stay in those boundaries. On super windy days without superior knowledge avoid most shots that are not comfortable. So close to 11" at 1000 yards is very close to hit, miss or wound on most deer sized animals. Coyotes you probably just missed. That is simply math as stated before.

From field experience I've seen just as many misses or wounding on game under 100 yards than over 300 yards. My personal thought is most shots under 100 yards come quickly and all kinds of things can go wrong. 300 yard shots distance you from the animal and give time usually to make a calculated shot. I have talked people through long range shots many many times. And in my opinion 600 yards is a very very long shot for those that don't shoot at that range and there's always some kind of wind in the Rockies. So when there's a big ole bull elk at 500 yards or less and that's as close as we can get if the hunter is okay with the shot we are shooting, because I've spent days tracking animals with a leg blown off from a 50 yard shot. Ethics are one's own capabilities nobody else's.

Other than that unless you practice a lot your limitations are on yourself.