If I am correct the taurus raging bull is a pistol. The performance of a bullet coming out of a pistol and a rifle will vary dramatically. The pistol will have a great loss in velocity compared to to a rifle. So this vary well could have been the reason for the poor performance that you experienced on that coyote. If you had been using a rifle your story may have been different. Not calling you a liar or anything just being a devils advocate.
10 inch barrel
Shot 1 2273 fps
Shot 2 2256 fps
Shot 3 2301 fps
Shot 4 2282 fps
Shot 5 2268 fps
Average 2276 fps
Spread 45 fps

18 inch barrel
Shot 1 2538 fps
Shot 2 2507 fps
Shot 3 2525 fps
Shot 4 2542 fps
Shot 5 2501 fps
Average 2522 fps
Spread 41 fps

Now this is with a 10 inch barrel so if you were shooting a shorter barrel than that you could expect even slower velocities.

Now I have personally seen and killed a couple of dogs with the lowly 22lr even with chest shots. So it is capable of doing it but at very close ranges with the longest being around 35 yards away. And the closet about 10.
But if it were me I would choose the 17 HMR or the 22 WMR. I have a 17 HMR and was able to roll a javelina on the run with it so I have no doubt that it would work on a coyote. Plus it is awesome for knocking down jacks at 150 plus yards since it has a nice flat trajectory.