What you should have done back when you discovered this was to report it and leave it to the rangers. Maybe they could do something maybe not but once you reported it you would have fufilled your ethical responsibility as a hunter.
Little things do happen from time to time that lead to offenders. An officer may have seen a vehicle at the site and jotted a plate #. An officer may have seen someone he ran an ID on in possession of the deer.
But as the deer have probobly been processed thru by bears at this point all there is to do is learn from what you should have done and do it next time.
I think you have thought back and questioned your action (inaction) because deep down you know what you should have done. Don't let it bother you too much because I'm pretty sure you will do things differently in the future should an opportunity present itself.