The windpipe and esophagus are right next to each other and on a frontal shot you hit both.
yes, and you take out the spine right behind them. This is what would drop a deer. Especially with a 22.
A 22 hole in the trachea would be like giving the deer a tracheotomy. The diaphragm would still pull air into the lungs, just through the hole and the mouth. The esophagus would only be a problem if the deer were trying to swallow food. Unless they were very hungry, they wouldn't starve to death instantly
The spine will drop the deer instantly. The carotid and jugular, very quickly. Esophagus and windpipe are just incidental injuries and would not be the primary cause of death unless it was from bleeding out or infection. Both not instant.