I would wait until after the snow melts, but before the ground fully thaws to reseed. Frost seeding can work very nicely for seeding clover if you do not have a lot of plant residue on the soil surface. Perfect conditions would be no snow, soil slightly thaws during the day and refreezes at night.

Is the vine a bindweed? They can be very tough to control. It is an annual, comes up late, and I have seen it destroy acre size patches of corn. It could be controlled with a pre-emerge herbicide AFTER your clover gets going. http://www.ksda.gov/plant_protection...nt/349/cid/889