The eastern coyote, found throughout much of Ontario, is a hybrid between the smaller western coyote and the eastern wolf. Adult females weigh an average of 13 to 16 kilograms (kg), while adult males usually range between 16 to 18 kg. The size and weight of coyotes are often over-estimated because of their thick coats and bushy tails.

In protected areas coyotes can live eight to 12 years, but in areas where they are hunted, or in populated areas like southern Ontario where vehicle collisions are common, the average life expectancy is less than five years.

The coyote’s basic social unit is a mated pair, and coyote pairs will often mate for life. Coyotes are territorial and territories are generally exclusive of other breeding coyotes. Territory size can range from a few square kilometres where food is abundant to over a hundred where prey is very scarce.

The availability of food affects what coyotes eat, the size of their territory and populations, reproduction and survival rates. It also affects when pups leave their parents and how far they will travel to establish their own territories.

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