For deer hunting at close to moderate ranges (<400 yards)? Just flip a coin. With bullets up to the 165 grain range the ballistic differences are too close to matter. If you want to go after the big stuff, or hunt deer at longer ranges, the 30-06 has a slight edge, but if I intended to hunt anything bigger than elk or much farther than 400 yards, I'd be looking toward at least a 300 Win Mag for such work.
Mike