From what I have read here, hunters seem to be getting very different results in the same situation, but that seems to answer the question itself.
As for my experience...
.270 Winchester (130-150 grain): deer have traveled 30 yards after the shot, consistently (two rare exceptions: one DRT, and one that traveled over 150 yards, little blood trail, big 8 point buck)
.30-06 Sprg (150-180 grain): deer have traveled about 15 yards after the shot, but with a few DRTs (Nosler Partition).
.308 Winchester (150 grain): deer have traveled about 30-45 yards after the shot, no DRTs
7mm RM (150-160 grain): with one exception (a gut shot at 275 yards that went 10 yards and a basketball sized exit wound), all have been DRT. Prefer Winchester BST for accuracy (1/2 MOA). Most destructive was Federal Premium 160 Nosler Partitions (literally blew the deer in two halves held together by a bit of skin)...I hunt with a 7mm RM but it is extremely destructive.