.30-06 is my vote--you've said recoil is not an issue, and the practical differences between the calibers you've listed are miniscule in actual hunting situations. You'll end up wih a dead deer with any of them. The '06 just gives you more bullet options and easy to find shells at a reasonable expense. That's something a young person like yourself ought to consider, because you likely won't be able to buy many rifles in the next few years and even a box of shells can be expensive for a young person, especially if you're starving your way through college or on your first job. A .30-06 just about guarantees you a suitable rifle to hunt with regardless of the game and you can afford the shells.
Now, if you happen to come across a nail-driving rifle in one of those other calibers or one priced as an absolute steal, forget what I just said and grab it. They'll all work just fine. The real issue here is not what caliber, but what's a good knife to gut a deer with.