i shoot #6 12ga remingtons out of a modified choke. that does well for me from 30-35 yards. if you need to shoot out to 40 yards, use a full choke. there are two things to be careful about using a full choke though. the first is that a bird flushed at your feet might not fall to the ground in one piece, and two is that you have a tighter pattern and chances of missing in the adrenaline rush increase. in my opinion, you cant go wrong with a modified choke.