The only way to compare cartidges is with known ballistics. After that you'd have to interview the dead deer to find out why they ran as far as they did.

Seriously. There are so many known and unknown factors in this question that thousands of hunters, military personell, and manufacturers have been trying to figure that out since firearms were created.

How come one man shot with a 9mm in the head dies, and another does not? Ask God. He may know. That's about as close as you're gonna get with this question.

Pick the caliber you're gonna shoot. Then pick the best ammo you can reasonably afford. Then practice. Then go shoot something. It really is that simple. Sometimes you gotta track, sometimes you don't.