RE: Effective Killing Range on a 54# Bow
It's farther than you can accurately shoot.
Putting an arrow thru the ribcage of a deer, doesn't require much energy. BUT being able to accurately place it there on every shot, requires a good bit of talent. That magnifies when you are talking yardages estimation vs known distance, reaction time of the animal, etc.
Worry about getting the deer as close as you can, instead of worrying about how far away you can shoot one.