RE: good gun and caliber?
There are probably a few but for my money, out the door, out of the box a Remington Sendero in .300 Win mag is about as close as you can get. Handload it with some Sierra 200 gr. BTSP and you'd have a great start. Or find factory ammo it will digest. As the others have said true long range rigs are a combination of gun, optics, shooter and ammo (not factory ammo).