ive have a friend who hunts w/ nothin but a shotgun and buckshot and i have stood in a loggin rd and seen him kill a spike at 91yds. dropped like a bad habbit! i wouldnt have ever believed it if he told me but it is possible. it ended up having two pellets in the head one in the heat and two in the lungs and one in the spine. i was impressed to say the least.
as far as a deer runnning a long ways like yours did it all depends on the animal and its tanacity to live! if he just took a breath of air and filled his lungs when he fired he could easily burn a couple hundred yards in just seconds. the deer was dead on his feet but had no idea. just goin on adrenaline. ive seen this often w/ 308's. why 308's?? i dunno just happens to be what these ppl had.AND ppl say a wounded deer wont go up hill either but thats also a load of crap. as a rule they wont but they certainly can and will!